Tuesday, May 14, 2013

Not all cytokine-producing cells start out the same way

May 13, 2013 ? Cytokines are molecules produced by immune cells that induce the migration of other cells to sites of infection or injury, promote the production of anti-microbial agents, and signal the production of inflammatory mediators. These events are important for fighting infections. However, sometimes this process goes unchecked, resulting in unwanted inflammation that can damage tissues and organs.

Interleukin 17, or IL17, is a well-studied cytokine that regulates immune function at mucosal surfaces in the body but is dysregulated in many diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis.

Not all IL17-producing cells are the same, and the rules regarding how particular cell types are instructed to produce this important mediator differ. Research published this week in Nature Immunology, from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania by Gary Koretzky, MD, PhD, the Francis C. Wood professor of Medicine and Investigator in the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute; Martha Jordan, PhD, research assistant professor in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jiyeon Kim, an MD-PhD student in the Koretzky lab, and other members of the Perelman School community including Morris Birnbaum, MD, PhD from the Department of Medicine and scientists in the laboratory of Celeste Simon, PhD, from the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, sheds light on the intricacies of those instructions.

T-helper cells that are present in peripheral tissues are known to be a prominent source of IL17. These cells interact with microbial organisms, in particular in the gastrointestinal tract, and are instructed or "induced" to produce and secrete IL17. These inducible, T-helper, IL17-producing cells are found predominantly at mucosal sites and are important for maintaining the health of these tissues.

"Natural" IL17-producing cells, on the other hand, do not have to interact with microorganisms to become capable of making this important cytokine. What these natural IL17-producing T cells do and how they are instructed to produce IL17 has become a research focus for Jordan and Koretzky.

"Although we know much less about natural IL17-producing cells, previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that these cells obtain their ability to produce this cytokine as they develop in the thymus," says Koretzky. "The current study in Nature Immunology compares the signals used by inducible versus natural IL-17 cells that are necessary for cytokine production, testing the hypothesis that they are distinct populations of cells. This may one day help us to develop tools to manipulate one cell population while leaving the other untouched."

The team found evidence that the inducible versus natural cells do, in fact, have very different characteristics. Although the kinase Akt plays a critical role in regulating cytokine production by both cell types, how these cell types use Akt differs. For example, mTORC1, a protein complex activated by Akt, is critical for the generation of inducible IL17-producing cells in the gut; however, natural IL17 cells develop independently of mTORC1. This finding suggests that the trigger for the development of inducible versus natural IL17-producing cells is different. To probe this finding further, Koretzky and Jordan focused attention on different forms of Akt.

Previous work by many laboratories defined different subtypes of Akt, and emerging data suggest that these forms may have differential functions in various tissues.

This finding was extended to inducible and natural IL17-producing T cells in the current Nature Immunology publication, as the team found that one particular form of Akt -- Akt2 -- is necessary for optimal inducible cell development but dispensable for natural IL17-producing cells. The findings show how a previously unknown role of Akt and its partner molecules shapes the maturation of IL17-producing cells.

Understanding the rules that govern IL17 cell development and function will suggest ways to specifically modulate one population or the other, which may be important during IL17-mediated immune responses, especially when that response spins out of control.

This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01 DK56886, 5K01AR52802, R37GM053256) and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/IFeLb55D0C0/130513095752.htm

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Titus Young Arrested For Third Time In One Week

Titus Young

This image provided by the Orange County Sheriff?s Department shows the booking photo of former Detroit Lions wide receiver Titus Young who was arrested late Friday May 10, 2013. Authorities say Young has been arrested in California for the third time in a week. He has been charged with attempted burglary, assaulting a police officer and resisting arrest. He is in custody Sunday on $75,000 bail. (AP Photo/Orange County Sheriff?s Department,File)

SAN CLEMENTE, Calif. (AP) ? Authorities say former Detroit Lions wide receiver Titus Young has been arrested in California for the third time in a week.

Orange County Sheriff's spokesman Lt. Joe Balicki says the 23-year-old Young was arrested late Friday in San Clemente for allegedly breaking into a home.

Balicki says Young fought with deputies after a foot chase.

He has been charged with attempted burglary, assaulting a police officer and resisting arrest. He is in custody Sunday on $75,000 bail.

Last Sunday, Young was arrested in Riverside County on suspicion of driving under the influence then arrested again the same day for trying to take his car from a tow yard.

The Lions drafted Young in 2011, but released him in February after a drop in productivity and disputes with teammates.

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/12/titus-young-arrested-3rd-time-one-week_n_3263874.html

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Monday, May 13, 2013

Egyptian lawyer denies that Mubarak spoke to paper

CAIRO (Reuters) - A lawyer representing former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak denied on Sunday that his client had spoken to a newspaper, describing as a fabrication reports that he had said it was too early to judge Mohamed Mursi's performance as president.

Sunday's edition of El-Watan said its journalist had broken through security lines to speak to Mubarak on Saturday before his retrial on charges of complicity in the death of protesters killed in the uprising that swept him from office.

The paper, which is fiercely critical of Mursi and his backers in the Muslim Brotherhood, splashed the story on its front page, billing it as Mubarak's first comments to the media since he was toppled in 2011.

Lawyer Farid el-Deeb said he had sent Mubarak, 85, a message asking if the interview with the reporter had happened. "He sent me a message saying this didn't happen," he said.

"All of it is incorrect ... Mubarak did not meet with him or sit with him or any of this."

El-Watan said its journalist had spoken to Mubarak in a side room at the court where his retrial began on Saturday.

It quoted the deposed leader as saying it was too early to judge Mursi and expressing concern about the economy and lax security in Egypt, which he ruled for 30 years.

Deeb said the remarks appeared to be based on comments that he himself had made to the media.

(Reporting by Shaimaa Fayed/Tom Perry; Editing by Kevin Liffey)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/egyptian-lawyer-denies-mubarak-spoke-paper-130508138.html

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Saturday, May 11, 2013

Hawking’s Israel Boycott In Its UK Context

Stephen Hawking, one of the UK's most brilliant minds, and a man revered by much of the British population for his indefatigable ability to navigate the challenges that life has thrown at him, announced yesterday that he would not be attending the 5th Presidential Conference in Israel this coming June. His letter to the conference organizers explained that he had decided to ?respect the boycott after receiving a number of emails from Palestinian academics.? Israel's ambassador to the UK, Daniel Taub, responded to the announcement with the following statement: ?It is a great shame? Rather than caving into pressure from political extremists, active participation in such events is a far more constructive way to promote progress and peace.?

In the case of academic boycott, the stakes are incredibly high. It's one thing to refuse to buy Israeli wine; it is something else altogether to refuse to collaborate with another academic. It beguiles the notion of free thought, and the idea that academic freedom stands above political difference. At its worst, it looks like the?case of Moti Cristal, the Israeli academic who was invited to speak at a National Health Service conference in Manchester, UK. His invite was later withdrawn after pressure from UNISON trade union members, who, despite UNISON's own policy of boycott of goods and services from Israeli settlements only, did not?want to be lectured in conflict resolution by an Israeli. (Note that, while still deeply problematic, official guidelines set out in the Palestinian call for an organized academic boycott do not support boycott solely on the basis of nationality.)

Stephen Hawking

British physicist Stephen Hawking attends the 2010 World Science Festival opening night gala performance at Alice Tully Hall on Wednesday, June 2, 2010 in New York. (Evan Agostini / AP Photo)

But when it comes to Stephen Hawking, surely one cannot level the criticism that he does not believe in Israel's right to exist (not least because he has travelled to the country on a number of occasions and uses Israeli technology to enable him to speak), does not support freedom of expression, or that he somehow does not have the ability to distinguish between political extremism and political protest. It would be something of an insult to his amazing mind to suggest he lacks those critical faculties. So what are we, the pro-Israel Anglo Jewish community, to make of his decision?

Just a few weeks ago, the anti-boycott campaign in the UK suffered a significant defeat in the arena of academia after a tribunal cast out a case brought by Ronnie Fraser, a maths teacher, and supported by significant organizations and individuals inside the Jewish community, against his teaching union, the University College Union. Fraser argued that the union had harassed him in breach of?equality laws?due to its handling of the Israel-Palestine debate.

The judgement dismissed the case as a ?sorry saga,? citing members of a tribunal who ?greatly regret that the case was ever brought.? Significant criticism was meted out by the judges against some of the witnesses, including accusations of ?playing to the gallery,? ?scoring points? and being ?extraordinarily arrogant.? In case the reader is not convinced of the extent to which the battle was lost, the tribunal judges ruled that the case highlighted ?a worrying disregard for pluralism, tolerance and freedom of expression.?

It seems we need some new ground rules if we are to win the case for Israel in the public arena.

First, it is clear that we need to challenge the assumption that anyone who calls for, or supports, any form of boycott is beyond the pale. We can debate, disagree with tactics, call out anti-Semitism when it is clearly there, but we have to accept that people have a right to employ a set of tools we do not agree with. It is that simple.

Second, we have to learn to live with the reality that freedom for the Palestinian people is the cause c?l?bre of our time. At one time in the UK it was nuclear disarmament, another time it was apartheid South Africa (that is not a comparison), and now it is the occupation of the West Bank. We might not like that, and it might not be fair that it is Palestine and not the Democratic Republic of Congo or Syria. It might well be the case that there is something sinister about those who have been involved in turning it into the zeitgeist of our times. But no amount of hasbarah, campaigning, showing the ?positive contribution of Israel in the world? is going to change that. And so we should wise up to the fact that until there is a state of Palestine, in every student union, teaching union and trade union, Israel and her policies in the West Bank will be at the top of the agenda. Some of the debate is and will continue to be anti-Semitic, and Jews and non-Jews alike have a responsibility to call that out and deal with it appropriately. And some of it is just not what we like to hear.?

Third, it is possible that the harder we find the criticism to hear the more likely we are to call it out as anti-Semitic, and this is behavior that we have to change. The findings of the National Jewish Student Survey conducted in 2011 found that respondents who are ?very positive? about Israel are more likely to have experienced anti-Semitism than those who are ?fairly positive? (48 percent compared with 37 percent respectively). As Peter Beinart has argued elsewhere on this blog, ?injustice doesn?t stop being injustice because people describe it in imprecise, unfair ways.?

In a meeting I recently took part in with senior members of the British civil service, one of them commented that the Jewish community would need to accept that there is a very grave concern within the UK political establishment that time is really running out to end the conflict along the lines we all imagined: two states for two peoples. At the same time it was made very clear that on no uncertain terms does this represent a slide into a discourse of delegitimization of Israel within our political elite. Instead, they warned that because of a desire to expedite a political resolution, we are likely to hear more and more concern and also criticisms being aired by our politicians, and as a community we must distinguish that from inappropriate criticism of Israel.

John Humphrys, who is probably Britain's most well known radio voice and who presents the inimitable Today Programme on Radio 4, asked this morning: ?Isn't it the case that the boycott has succeeded in drawing attention to the plight of Palestinian people?? If he is right, and the world is watching, they should also see serious efforts on the part of Israel and those who count themselves as Israel's supporters worldwide, doing all that is in their power to change the situation. Surely that would be the best reaction of supporters of Israel in the UK to the latest boycott drama?

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/thedailybeast/articles/~3/fzTTEoL-l1A/hawking-s-israel-boycott-in-its-uk-context.html

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Friday, May 10, 2013

2013s First Solar Eclipse From A Cairns Hot Air Balloon May 10

The first solar eclipse for 2013 will pass across Queensland Australia; on Friday morning with a team of photographers taking up their vantage spot onboard Hot Air Balloon Cairns on the Atherton Tablelands. Luck was with the same group of photographers last November, when the clouds parted for a clear sky, for the total solar eclipse in November 2012.

Fred Espenak of NASAs Goddard Space Flight Centre, NASA has forecast that for eclipse fans Friday May 10ths annular solar eclipse will be by far the years most impressive event, though nowhere near as dramatic as any total solar eclipse. An annular solar eclipse is when the moon does not totally cover the whole disc of the sun, so that a ring of daylight is seen around the shadow of the moon.

Friday May 10th 2013 the eclipse will happen over Queensland from 7.27am though weather forecasters are predicting 80% cloud cover on the Australian coast but Andrew Steel, Managing Director of Hot Air Balloon Cairns said that like the 2012 Eclipse event, where a fleet of ten hot air balloons flew with hundreds of visitors from America, the United Kingdom, Japan and China, its expected that visibility will be at its best

Its expected the photographers will see the annular eclipse west of Cairns with almost a scale of 0.9544 of the solar disk covered, and unlike November 2012, the sky will not grow dark. Though all those onboard the hot air balloons will be wearing solar eclipse glasses as the remaining sunlight is so bright.

Hot Air Balloon Cairns Managing Director, Andrew Steel said its expected the balloons will fly to a height of 1000 to 3000 feet above ground level, (plus 900 feet above sea level) dependant on the breeze and conditions on the day.

Other locations worldwide that will experience a smaller viewing of the annular solar eclipse will be Hawaii, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Indonesia, and New Zealand.
For those keen eclipse fans, photos of the May 10th annualar eclipse will be featured on the Hot Air Balloon Cairns website. Or for more information about Friday's eclipse, visit NASA's eclipse page at http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html .

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Source: http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/2013---s-First-Solar-Eclipse-From-A-Cairns-Hot-Air-Balloon-May-10/4636082

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New policy to keep wrestlers healthy

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Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653381/s/2baff37a/l/0Lvideo0Bmsnbc0Bmsn0N0Cid0C51813962/story01.htm

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Thursday, May 9, 2013

Reality TV's new stars: Small businesses | Online Athens

NEW YORK ? There?s no business like small business.

Mix the high stakes of running a small business with a dash of family drama and throw in a camera crew and you get hit reality television shows such as ?Pawn Stars,? ??Welcome to Sweetie Pie?s? and ?Duck Dynasty.?

Turning small business owners into stars has become a winning formula for television producers, but some businesses featured in them are cashing in, too. Sales explode after just a few episodes air, transforming these nearly unknown small businesses into household names. In addition to earning a salary from starring in the shows, some small business owners are benefiting financially from opening gift shops that sell souvenirs or getting involved in other ventures that spawn from their new-found fame.

Sales at Gold & Silver Pawn Shop in Las Vegas are five times higher than they were before ?Pawn Stars? first aired in 2009. More people are pouring into the St. Louis restaurant featured in ?Welcome to Sweetie Pie?s? to eat its jumbo-sized fried chicken wings and six-cheese macaroni and cheese. And Duck Commander, seen in ?Duck Dynasty,? is having trouble controlling the crowds in front of its headquarters in the small city of West Monroe, La.

?Sometimes it?s hard getting from the truck to the front door,? says Willie Robertson, who owns Duck Commander with his father and stars in the A&E series with his extended family.

It?s a big change for a company that sells duck calls out of a part-brick, part-cinder block warehouse on a dry, dead-end country road. Duck hunters use the whistles, which mimic duck sounds, to attract their prey.

Since ?Duck Dynasty? began airing in March 2012, Robertson finds at least 70 people waiting in front of the warehouse every morning asking for autographs and photos. Neighbors have complained about the mobs and the police have been called.

Despite the trouble, the show has been good for the family business. Sales of the company?s duck calls, which range from $20 to $175, have skyrocketed. In 2011, the company sold 60,000 duck calls. In 2012, the year the show began airing, the company sold 300,000. ?We saw a big difference as the Nielsen ratings went up,? says Robertson.

Their income from doing the show may be going up along with the ratings. ?Duck Dynasty? is the most watched documentary-style reality series on TV right now, according to Nielsen, which provides information and insight into what consumers watch and buy. April?s one-hour season three finale was watched by 9.6 million people, making it the most watched program in A&E?s 29-year history. The Hollywood Reporter reported that the cast of the show is demanding a raise to $200,000 an episode to do a fourth season. Both the network and Robertson had no comment on the report.

Cameras follow Robertson and his family as they make duck calls, hunt or go camping. One episode showed Robertson trying to prove to his dad, brother and uncle that he could spend a night in a tent during a camping trip. (Robertson ends up bringing a big recreational vehicle and is ridiculed for it. ?Once you bring something with wheels that?s enclosed, you?re no longer camping. You?re parking,? says Robertson?s brother, Jace Robertson, in the episode.)

Duck Commander hired five more people to keep up with rising sales. Every duck call has to be put together by hand. ?It?s like a musical instrument,? says Robertson. ?Each one needs to be blown into it to make sure it works.?

To stop the crowds from disrupting business, and to make extra cash, Robertson opened a gift shop inside the Duck Commander warehouse. ?It keeps the people out of my lobby,? says Robertson. The shop sells duck calls, Duck Commander T-shirts and bobblehead dolls that look like Robertson, his dad, uncle and brother, complete with their long beards.

Rick Harrison, the star of ?Pawn Stars,? opened a gift shop, too. He sells mugs, T-shirts, bobbleheads and refrigerator magnets, in the back of his Las Vegas pawn store.

Harrison says the souvenirs bring in about $5 million in revenue a year. The pawn business brings in about $20 million a year, up from the $4 million before ?Pawn Stars? aired.

The show, which follows people as try to sell or pawn items ranging from gold coins to classic cars, also stars Harrison?s son, his father and an employee named Austin ?Chumlee? Russell.

People have been lining up outside the pawn shop since the reality show began airing on History in 2009. The store installed misters above the line to keep fans cool under the hot, Las Vegas sun.

Fame has disadvantages. Harrison says he wears a hat and sunglasses to disguise himself, even on visits to IHOP for pancakes with his kids. During an overseas vacation, he was swarmed by fans at the Tower of London

?It amazes me,? says Harrison. ?I?m just a fat middle-aged bald guy, but people still want to meet me.?

Harrison is cashing in on his celebrity. He was hired as a spokesman for Procter & Gamble Inc.?s Swiffer cleaning wipes and he wrote a book, called ?License to Pawn,? about his life and business. (Harrison declined to say how much he made on those deals.) He also rents out a 1,300-square-foot area in the back of the pawn shop?s building for private parties. The fee can range anywhere from $5,000 to $50,000, depending on the number of people invited and whether Harrison or one of the shows stars to drops by.

Despite his fame, and busy 40-week-a-year filming schedule, Harrison says that his pawn business comes first.

?I do realize that television shows end,? he says, even though the show is coming back for a new season May 30. ?I want to make sure I have a business when people are saying, ?Hey, do you remember that show about four fat guys in a pawn shop??

A show may end, but it?s not quickly forgotten. Hair stylist Elgin Charles, whose salon was featured on VH1?s ?Beverly Hills Fabulous,? says he is still benefiting from the show even though it hasn?t been on the air for nearly two years.

Fans of the show still stop into Elgin Charles Beverly Hills to get their hair done, some from as far away as Australia and Nigeria. ?The phone didn?t stop ringing for eight months after the show aired,? says Charles, who has owned the salon for 15 years.

Charles was recently cornered by fans at a Dallas nightclub trying to get a picture of him on their smartphones. ?I can?t even walk the streets of New York without being approached,? he says. (Charles is hard to miss. He often wears shiny, dark, straight shoulder-length hair.) He has been paid to make appearances at hair shows and conventions. ?Many doors have opened,? says Charles.

?The whole reason I did it was to make Elgin Charles Beverly Hills a household name,? says Charles. He?s says he?s putting his name on a school, called the Elgin Charles Universal Beauty College, which is expected to open this summer in downtown Los Angeles.

Reality TV has been good to Duff Goldman, too. Food Network?s ?Ace of Cakes? filmed Goldman and his employees at Charm City Cakes bakery as they made lavish cakes. (In one episode, they made a cake for a ?Harry Potter? movie premiere party that looked like Hogwarts Castle, the boy wizard?s school.) ?Ace of Cakes? ended in 2011, but Goldman and his bakery are still in high demand.

His name is on a line of cake mixes, kits and pans sold at Michaels, the arts and crafts store. His face is on cartons of Blue Bunny ice cream that have pieces of cakes mixed in. He teamed up with Godiva, the chocolate maker, to create limited edition cake truffles. In January, Goldman designed a nine-tiered cake for President Barack Obama?s inauguration.

Last year he opened a bakery in Los Angeles, called Charm City Cakes West. He says he is ?strongly? considering a return to reality TV.

The publicity is hard to give up. The shows are essentially a free weekly national commercial for a small business. ?There?s no better way to increase exposure,? says Jai Manselle, the founder of Manselle Media, a brand development and public relations company that has clients in the entertainment industry.

Manselle says that entrepreneurs considering reality TV should make sure the show will portray the business in a positive light. ?If the show makes you look unprofessional, that may not be good,? he says. Manselle turned down an offer to turn his marketing business into a reality show last year because it didn?t feel right, but he is still open to the idea.

?If it?s not going to benefit the brand, don?t do it,? says Manselle. ?The whole reason you?re doing this is to make money.?

Lynnae Schneller is hoping her family-run pickle business gets the green light. Schneller was approached by a production company to film a five-minute pilot that is being pitched to networks.

?I?ve never had a desire to be on reality TV, but from a business standpoint I can?t turn it down,? says Schneller, who started Lynnae?s Gourmet Pickles in Tacoma, Wash. in 2011. ?We could never afford that kind of exposure.?

But reality-TV fame has a price. Charles says that he had to close his salon for two months while filming ?Beverly Hills Fabulous.? He only had Sundays and one other weekday to style hair for clients. ?They came in like a storm and took over,? says Charles. The producers set up storyboards that mapped out the episodes. ?I didn?t have much control,? he says.

Editing can create misconceptions about the business. ?Ace of Cakes? never showed the bakers washing their hands. Many viewers assumed that they didn?t. Goldman still gets emails and letters from viewers saying that they should be washing their hands. They did, it just never made it on the screen. ?A show about people washing their hands would be a boring show,? Goldman says.

Another downside: Being bossed around. ?I?m 47 and I?ve never worked for anybody in my life,? says Harrison of ?Pawn Stars.? ??Now you have somebody else telling you what to do.? Producers tell him what time to come to work and he has to make appearances to promote the show. He has to take direction while filming. ?They?ll say, ?Rick, raise your voice you?re not talking loud enough,? and it?s a 27-year-old director telling me these things,? says Harrison.

Not every small business makes good TV. Producers say they are most interested in family-run companies. ?That?s the Holy Grail,? says Darryl Silver, the owner of The Idea Factory, the production company pitching Schneller?s pickle-business reality show. They do well because viewers are able to relate to the characters.

That?s true for the stars of ?Welcome to Sweetie Pie?s.? Owner Robbie Montgomery says fans come to her restaurants featured in the show and liken her to their own grandmothers.

The show, which airs on OWN: The Oprah Winfrey Network, follows Montgomery as she and her son run two restaurants in St. Louis and struggle to open a third. Montgomery has been filmed scolding her nephew when he shows up late for work. In another episode, she pushes her grandson to get better grades in school.

The show has brought more people to her restaurants. ?There was a line around the block after the third or fourth episode,? says Montgomery. Sales have jumped 70 percent at the restaurants, which serve Southern dishes such as pork steak smothered in gravy and candied yams. It debuted in 2011. A fourth season began filming in March.

Montgomery began selling $20 T-shirts in the restaurants after the show started. The shirts feature Montgomery?s quotes from the show.

One of the quotes could serve as advice for small businesses wanting to get into reality TV.

?If it don?t make money,? the shirt reads, ?it don?t make sense.?

Source: http://onlineathens.com/business/2013-05-08/reality-tvs-new-stars-small-businesses

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